Progress status
Moderate progress
Moderate progress

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Indicator description

The indicator measures gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), i.e. research and development intensity. Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge and devise new applications of available knowledge. The data for Bosnia and Herzegovina cover total expenditure on research and development as well as expenditure by sector of performance.
Data source and methodology

The indicator enables monitoring of the level of investment in research and development relative to the size of the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It therefore provides a basis for monitoring investment in science, technology and innovation and represents one of the indicators used to monitor progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 9.
Coverage and comparability

The data for Bosnia and Herzegovina are based on data from the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina and cover gross domestic expenditure on research and development expressed as a percentage of GDP. Data are available for the period 2019–2024, with the total values of the indicator (TOTAL, All sectors) used as the basis for monitoring its development. The automatic progress status is calculated based on the available time-series data for the total value of the indicator.
National context and objectives

No specific national numerical long-term objective has been established for Bosnia and Herzegovina under this indicator for use in the automatic calculation of progress status. The EU objective of 3% of GDP represents a reference target at European Union level and does not automatically constitute a national target for Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Indicator description

The indicator measures gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), also referred to as R&D intensity. According to the OECD Frascati Manual, research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humankind, culture and society, and to devise new applications of available knowledge.
Data source and methodology

The indicator is used to monitor progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 9, which aims to build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and foster innovation. The indicator is identical to the global SDG indicator 9.5.1, “Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP”.
Coverage and comparability

The new vision for the European Research Area (ERA) aims to build a common European space for research and innovation by promoting investments and reforms, improving access to excellence, translating research and innovation results into economic value and further deepening the European Research Area. The European Union has a long-standing objective of increasing R&D intensity to 3% of GDP, as confirmed by the Council Recommendation on a Pact for Research and Innovation in Europe of November 2021.
EU context and objectives

The long-term objective of the European Union for this indicator is to increase gross domestic expenditure on research and development to 3% of GDP by 2030.
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